Data privacy policy addresses how personal information is collected, used, stored, and shared by companies and governments in the digital age. The debate centers on balancing individual privacy rights against business interests, innovation, law enforcement needs, and national security. The United States lacks comprehensive federal privacy legislation, creating a patchwork of state laws and sector-specific regulations while Europe's GDPR has become a global standard.

Immigration policy encompasses the laws, regulations, and enforcement practices governing who may enter, reside, and work in the United States. It is one of the most debated issues in American politics, touching on national security, economic competitiveness, humanitarian obligations, and cultural identity. The debate spans from those advocating complete border closure to those supporting free movement of people.